This applies to the brain and neuroinflammatory diseases, as to other organs and other diseases, including cancer. We suggest that what determines the organ specificity of the autoimmune-inflammatory process may depend on food antigens resembling proteins of the organ being attacked. Opening of the blood-brain barrier may trigger microglia and astrocytes and set up neuroinflammation. The efflux of undigested food, microbes, endotoxins, as well as immune-competent cells and molecules, causes chronic systemic inflammation. Gut dysbiosis, as a consequence of Western diets, leads to intestinal inflammation and a leaky intestinal barrier. What and how much we eat shape the composition of gut microbiota. To avoid the efflux of undigested food from the lumen, the intestinal barrier must remain intact. Therefore, it is at the same time foreign to us ( non-self), if not yet digested, and like us ( self), after its complete digestion. Food is living matter different from us, but made of our own nature. As food is an active subject and may have anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effects, dietary habits may modulate the low-grade neuroinflammation associated with chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
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